Quality of Data Entry Using Single Entry, Double Entry and Automated Forms Processing–An Example Based on a Study of Patient-Reported Outcomes
Identifieur interne : 000248 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000247; suivant : 000249Quality of Data Entry Using Single Entry, Double Entry and Automated Forms Processing–An Example Based on a Study of Patient-Reported Outcomes
Auteurs : Aksel Paulsen [Danemark] ; S Ren Overgaard [Danemark] ; Jens Martin Lauritsen [Danemark]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
The clinical and scientific usage of patient-reported outcome measures is increasing in the health services. Often paper forms are used. Manual double entry of data is defined as the definitive gold standard for transferring data to an electronic format, but the process is laborious. Automated forms processing may be an alternative, but further validation is warranted.
200 patients were randomly selected from a cohort of 5777 patients who had previously answered two different questionnaires. The questionnaires were scanned using an automated forms processing technique, as well as processed by single and double manual data entry, using the EpiData Entry data entry program. The main outcome measure was the proportion of correctly entered numbers at question, form and study level.
Manual double-key data entry (error proportion per 1000 fields = 0.046 (95% CI: 0.001–0.258)) performed better than single-key data entry (error proportion per 1000 fields = 0.370 (95% CI: 0.160–0.729), (p = 0.020)). There was no statistical difference between Optical Mark Recognition (error proportion per 1000 fields = 0.046 (95% CI: 0.001–0.258)) and double-key data entry (p = 1.000). With the Intelligent Character Recognition method, there was no statistical difference compared to single-key data entry (error proportion per 1000 fields = 6.734 (95% CI: 0.817–24.113), (p = 0.656)), as well as double-key data entry (error proportion per 1000 fields = 3.367 (95% CI: 0.085–18.616)), (p = 0.319)).
Automated forms processing is a valid alternative to double manual data entry for highly structured forms containing only check boxes, numerical codes and no dates. Automated forms processing can be superior to single manual data entry through a data entry program, depending on the method chosen.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035087
PubMed: 22493733
PubMed Central: 3320865
Affiliations:
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Entry, Double Entry and Automated Forms Processing–An Example Based on a Study of Patient-Reported Outcomes</title><author><name sortKey="Paulsen, Aksel" sort="Paulsen, Aksel" uniqKey="Paulsen A" first="Aksel" last="Paulsen">Aksel Paulsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Funen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Funen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Funen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Funen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Funen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Funen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Overgaard, S Ren" sort="Overgaard, S Ren" uniqKey="Overgaard S" first="S Ren" last="Overgaard">S Ren Overgaard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Funen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Funen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Funen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Funen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Funen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Funen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lauritsen, Jens Martin" sort="Lauritsen, Jens Martin" uniqKey="Lauritsen J" first="Jens Martin" last="Lauritsen">Jens Martin Lauritsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Funen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Funen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Funen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Institute of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Funen, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Funen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Funen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>The clinical and scientific usage of patient-reported outcome measures is increasing in the health services. Often paper forms are used. Manual double entry of data is defined as the definitive gold standard for transferring data to an electronic format, but the process is laborious. Automated forms processing may be an alternative, but further validation is warranted.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>200 patients were randomly selected from a cohort of 5777 patients who had previously answered two different questionnaires. The questionnaires were scanned using an automated forms processing technique, as well as processed by single and double manual data entry, using the EpiData Entry data entry program. The main outcome measure was the proportion of correctly entered numbers at question, form and study level.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Manual double-key data entry (error proportion per 1000 fields = 0.046 (95% CI: 0.001–0.258)) performed better than single-key data entry (error proportion per 1000 fields = 0.370 (95% CI: 0.160–0.729), (p = 0.020)). There was no statistical difference between Optical Mark Recognition (error proportion per 1000 fields = 0.046 (95% CI: 0.001–0.258)) and double-key data entry (p = 1.000). With the Intelligent Character Recognition method, there was no statistical difference compared to single-key data entry (error proportion per 1000 fields = 6.734 (95% CI: 0.817–24.113), (p = 0.656)), as well as double-key data entry (error proportion per 1000 fields = 3.367 (95% CI: 0.085–18.616)), (p = 0.319)).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Automated forms processing is a valid alternative to double manual data entry for highly structured forms containing only check boxes, numerical codes and no dates. 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sortKey="Paulsen, Aksel" sort="Paulsen, Aksel" uniqKey="Paulsen A" first="Aksel" last="Paulsen">Aksel Paulsen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Lauritsen, Jens Martin" sort="Lauritsen, Jens Martin" uniqKey="Lauritsen J" first="Jens Martin" last="Lauritsen">Jens Martin Lauritsen</name><name sortKey="Lauritsen, Jens Martin" sort="Lauritsen, Jens Martin" uniqKey="Lauritsen J" first="Jens Martin" last="Lauritsen">Jens Martin Lauritsen</name><name sortKey="Overgaard, S Ren" sort="Overgaard, S Ren" uniqKey="Overgaard S" first="S Ren" last="Overgaard">S Ren Overgaard</name><name sortKey="Overgaard, S Ren" sort="Overgaard, S Ren" uniqKey="Overgaard S" first="S Ren" last="Overgaard">S Ren Overgaard</name><name sortKey="Paulsen, Aksel" sort="Paulsen, Aksel" uniqKey="Paulsen A" first="Aksel" last="Paulsen">Aksel Paulsen</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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